History of the Cleveland Bay

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Although a more detailed history of the Cleveland Bay Horse can be found with the Cleveland Bay Horse Society (UK), the following is credited to the CBHSNA's website.


The Cleveland Bay originates from Britain, in the Cleveland area of  Northern Yorkshire and is the oldest of  the indigenous breed of English  horses. Yorkshire is known as the  source of two breeds, the  Thoroughbred and the Cleveland Bay.  The Cleveland Bay evolved from  crossing native bay colored mares with  Oriental stallions during the 17th  century. Shaped by a harsh  environment, a horse of durability,  longevity and quiet disposition resulted.  These characteristics, combined with  the uniformity of bay color, size and  substance developed a versatile breed  used as hunt horse, coach or pack  horse and as an agricultural worker.  Originally known as the Chapman  horse, after the salesmen who  exclusively used Cleveland Bays as  pack horses, the breed excelled as an  all rounder. During the peak of  popularity, in the late 1880's the  Cleveland Bay Horse Society of Great  Britain published the first volume of its  Stud Book which contained stallions  and mares selected for the purity of  blood. During the 19th century, some  Cleveland Bays were bred to  thoroughbreds and produced the  Yorkshire Coach Horse, a carriage  horse with unmatched ability for speed,  style and power. With the advent of the  mechanical age, the numbers of  Cleveland Bays and Yorkshire Coach  horses rapidly declined and were  further decimated by their use as  artillery horses during World War l.  

The Cleveland Bay survived in the  region of it's birthplace during these  difficult times but in the 1960's only five  or six mature stallions were found. Due  to the foresight and determination of  the Yorkshire admirers the breed has  survived and numbers have grown.  The Queen became the Patron of the  breed and the Royal Mews continues  the  tradition of using Cleveland Bays and  crossbreds in ceremonial duties. The Cleveland Bay has successfully  been bred to thoroughbred types to  produce outstanding performance horses in dressage, driving and  jumping. It is through these quality animals that breed recognition is  becoming known. With the increase of  numbers of Cleveland Bay purebreds  some are competing along with  breeding duties. Although listed as an  endangered breed with less than 500  world wide, the Cleveland Bay lovers  from Britain, North America, Japan,  New Zealand and Australia are  dedicated to the conservation of this unique horse. 

VERSATILITY

The first Cleveland Bay stallions were  imported to Maryland, Virginia and  Massachusetts in the early 1800's. The  1884 Upperville Colt and Horse Show  in Virginia was created to showcase Col. Dulany's imported stallion Scrivington and his offspring. Later  William Cody, America's Buffalo Bill  chose the Cleveland Bay for his Wild  West show. Western States utilized  the stallions in their breeding of range horses, noting their staying quality,  easy maintenance and a match for the  biggest of steers. The Cleveland Bay Horse Society  of North America was founded in  1885, with 2000 stallions and mares  registered by 1907. Imported as  superb coach horses, the breed  interest waned during mechanization  but was briefly revived in the 1930's  when Alexander Mackay-Smith  imported founding stock for hunters. Presently, there are around 90  purebred Cleveland Bays in the United  States and Canada, with many  Cleveland Partbreds competing in all  disciplines of horsemanship.  REGISTRY The purebred and part-bred registry is  maintained and supervised by the  Cleveland Bay Society of Great Britain.  Only pure-bred Cleveland Bays sired  by a stallion awarded the Certificate for  Pure Breeding are eligible. Inspection  and approval of stallions and mares by  the Cleveland Bay Society of North  America is done every year or as  warranted. 

Ramblers Renown

CHARACTERISTICS

  • great substance,clean legged with 
  • excellent feet, flat cannon bones
  • Immensely powerful quarters contribute to jumping ability and dressage
  • long lived; prepotent transmitting  uniformity in type and substance
  • moves with ground covering power
  • ideal for carriage work with strong  and powerful shoulders

 

 

 

 

 

Facts

Most of the following was compiled and published by Linda Yaciw on her website, Clevelands Rock.

The greatest reliable age recorded for a horse is an incredible 62 years in the case of 'Old Billy' (foaled 1760), believed to be a cross between a Cleveland and Eastern blood...
Guiness Book of Records

A Cleveland Bay stallion was used circa 1890 in the horse breeding program of Canada's police, now known as the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP).

The bone of a Cleveland Bay is more dense than most other breeds, similar to an Arabian.
Ref: Cpl. Gary Hart, Dawson Creek RCMP

The first North American Cleveland Bay breed society formed its own Stud Book in 1889, with entries going back to the 1860s.
Ref: 'Neither Black nor Blood' Elwyn Hartley Edwards discusses the Cleveland Bay and examines the Penrhyn Stud, 1990, Riding, pp 49-50

Through the efforts of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas C.H. Webster and Alexander Mackay-Smith, the Cleveland Bay Horse Society of North America was reorganized in 1989, and now provides a framework to support the growing interest in this fine horse.

William F. Cody (Buffalo Bill) had taken his Wild West Show to perform for Queen Victoria in England. He was so impressed by the Cleveland Bay that he purchased some and brought them back to the United States. These horses were used in the Wild West Show by having six purebred stallions driven in a stagecoach hitch to culminate the performances. William F. Cody registered 12 stallions and 14 mares in the American Cleveland Bay Stud Book.
Ref: "The Cleveland Bay" by Joanna Dorman, Driving Digest Magazine, May/June 1983.

"What written records remain indicate the Cleveland Bay contributed to American horse breeding at the time various American breeds such as the Morgan and Standardbred were emerging, suggesting its influence exits to some degree in those breeds."
Ref: "The Cleveland Bay" by Joanna Dorman, Driving Digest Magazine, May/June 1983.

"Many world champion and Olympic medal winning show jumpers and three day horses carry Cleveland blood in their veins, including horses from the 1968 gold medal British show jumping team in Mexico."
Ref: "The Cleveland Bay" by Pam Gleason, June 1995, Horsemen's Yankee Pedlar

"One man rode a Cleveland Bay 420 miles within three days."
Ref: "The Cleveland Bay" by Joanna Dorman, Driving Digest Magazine, May/June 1983.